FEM – Tunnel

Main Features

• Two options for modelling linings (Beam elements - 1D or standard 2D elements)
• Option to create a geometrical model of the lining in a separate pre-processor using data in an external format (such as DXF)
• Simple introduction of lining into the soil/rock body - topology correction and mesh generation are fully automatic
• Any number of construction stages
• Use of a relaxation factor to model the 3D behavior of the body during excavation
• Introduction of hinged bearing ends of the beam elements
• Input of temperature loads on the beams
• Consideration of soil swelling
• Consideration of lining shrinkage
• Analysis of the secondary lining loaded due to the degradation of primary lining based on the modification of either the cross section parameters (for 1D elements) or the material parameters (for 2D elements)
• Introduction of monitoring points anywhere in the body
• Graphical representation of the distribution of internal forces on active parts of the lining
• Automatic generation of anchors fixed to the lining
• Introduction of anchors as a region of improved soil mass (anchored region)